Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand.

Rutherford demonstrated his abilities as a scientist early on while working on his B.Sc. at the University of New Zealand in 1894. He showed that the magnetization can be removed from a magnetized iron needle by dissolving the surface layer of the metal in acid.

He began work at Cambridge in 1895 and was a professor at the University of Manchester from 1907 on.

It is during this time period that Rutherford made his most important discoveries. close to of Rutherfords work was piazzaed on radioactivity. He is the one who named the of import and beta particles. In 1911, Rutherford conducted his famous gold foil experiment. He directed of import particles at a thin tack of gold foil and expected the particles to simply travel peachy through the foil.

However, he obtained very different results. Although many of the particles did in fact go straight through the foil, some of them were deflected at large angles.

Rutherford concluded that the deflections of the important particles were caused by a center of positive charge that contained most of the atoms mass (the nucleus). He similarly explained that the particles that went straight through the foil did so because the atom is more often than not empty space and that the distance between electrons and the nucleus is abundant compared to the size of the nucleus itself.

In 1919, he discovered the drippy disintegration of nitrogen. His experiments show that under alpha radiation, nitrogen is decomposed and henry is formed.



Rutherford also devised an electrical method for counting the number of alpha particles emitted from radioactive substances. Using this method, he measured the number of alpha particles expelled per second from one gram of radium to be 34000.

before Rutherford, the smallest particle of matter was represented as a strong ball. Rutherfords experiments with the decay of radioactive elements caused him to think in terms of a more definite structure. He observed that the disintegration of elements was attended by emissions of positive helium and of negative particles of almost no mass. He then concluded that an atom is not the remnant unit of matter, rather, it is composed of subatomic particles.

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