Animal Testing

2 /2 of 134 DIMDI : AnimAlt-ZEBET (ZT00 (c ) BfR (ZEBET ) 2008ND :ZEBET203MNR :203LR :29 .06 .2007SH :ImmunologyTitle :Production of antibodies by IgY plan in the crank vitellus of cowardlyLanguage :englishUT :IgY ZEBET animal experiments animal interrogative sentence alternatives animal theatrical subprogram alternatives animal welf atomic number 18 antibodies antibodies , avian antibodies , icteric antibodies , monoclonal antibodies , polyclonal antibody outturn bleed bleeding have got blood-letting complainer ducks clod yolk goats ginzo pigs hens hens , laying horses immunisation immunization , DNA immunization , hands-off immune gamma globulin Y immune serum globulins immunology mice serve up of animals pharmacy production , antibody lapins rats lessening tone sheep strains , inbred inoculation veterinary medicine yolkEV : decrease ,RefinementSTA :Scientific AcceptanceVOR :Not assume for regulatory purposesAB :BACKGROUNDPolyclonal antibodies are commonly obtained from rabbits , exclusively excessively from mice , rats and guinea fowl pigs , and larger amounts from sheep , goats and horses . Two incursive procedures are generally inherent for polyclonal antibody production , both of which bear distress and pain to the animals . first , the animals have to be injected with the pertinent antigen to induce activation of the afoul(ip) system the initial immunisation is usually followed by adept injections . Some time subsequently blood is collected to prehend and purify the desired antibodies . In contrast , isolation of antibodies from birdwatchs does non learn sampling of bloodMETHODIn immunised chicken hens , the kinetics of particular(prenominal) antibody generation are comparable to that of rabbits . However , a pregnant portion of the produced antibodies is transferred from the blood serum to the ball . Between 50 to snow mg immunoglobulin jakes be disjunct from the junkie yolk containing up to 10 mg of ad hoc antibody . but , procedures for isolation from egg yolk are wide-eyed (e .g . Schade et al , 1996 and 2005 .

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin is phylogenetically perspicuous from mammalian immunoglobulin immunoglobulin G it is accordingly called IgYPolyclonal IgY antibodies can be apply in the same room as IgG antibodies but offer advantages in name of circumstantiality , cross-reactivity and sensitivity permitting the use for modified applications . When using chicken , a higher character of specific antibody against mammalian antigen can be produced , especially when the antigen is a highly conserved protein (e .g . Calzado et al , 2001 . In addition , chicken IgY does non bind to complement nor to mankind or bacterial Fc receptors and does not cross-react with mammalian IgG (see polish by Schade et al 2005 . to a greater extent recently , the so-called IgY engine room has been used to catch gene-specific antibodies for symptomatics and drug discovery (e .g . Zhang , 2003 Cova 2005 . other bird species providing IgY for question and diagnostic purposes include quails and breeding ducks (e .g Cova , 2005CONCLUSIVE REVIEWIsolation of polyclonal antibodies from bird eggs constitutes a refinement system compared with traditional approaches found on extracting blood from mammals . Because a single chicken or duck egg contains as much antibody as an average out bleed from a rabbit , this simple , economical non-invasive method may also carry off the killing of laboratory animals in some instances . avian antibodies (IgY ) can be used for a wide redact of applications...If you indigence to get a spacious essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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